Post-translational modifications (PTMs) dynamically regulate cellular processes. Lysine undergoes a range of acylations, including malonylation, succinylation (SucK) and glutarylation (GluK). These PTMs increase the size of the lysine side chain and reverse its charge from +1 to ?1 under physiological conditions, probably impacting protein structure and function. To understand the functional roles of these PTMs, homogeneously modified proteins are required for biochemical studies.

Reference
Pubmed: Weyh M, Jokisch ML, Nguyen TA, Fottner M, Lang K. Deciphering functional roles of protein succinylation and glutarylation using genetic code expansion. Nat Chem. 2024 Mar 26. doi: 10.1038/s41557-024-01500-5.