Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), also known as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the thyroid gland. This form of cancer generally carries a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to cancer treatments.[1] The cells of anaplastic thyroid cancer are highly abnormal and usually no longer resemble the original thyroid cells and have poor differentiation.

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Wiki: Anaplastic thyroid cancer

    An autoimmune disease of endocrine system that involves inflammation located_in thyroid gland caused by the immune system reacting against its own tissues.

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DiseaseOntology: Autoimmune thyroiditis

    Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for 15% of thyroid cancer and occurs more commonly in women over 50 years of age. Thyroglobulin (Tg) can be used as a tumor marker for well-differentiated follicular thyroid cancer. Thyroid follicular cells are the thyroid cells responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

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Wiki: Follicular thyroid carcinoma

    A parathyroid gland disease characterized by decreased function of parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to abnormally low ionized calcium levels in the blood.

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DiseaseOntology: Hypoparathyroidism

    A thyroid gland disease which involves an underproduction of thyroid hormone.

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DiseaseOntology: Hypothyroidism

    Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin. Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers and together make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases. MTC was first characterized in 1959. Approximately 25% of medullary thyroid cancer cases are genetic in nature, caused by a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene. When MTC occurs by itself it is termed sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid cancer is seen in people with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B. When medullary thyroid cancer due to a hereditary genetic disorder occurs without other endocrine tumours it is termed familial medullary thyroid cancer.

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Wiki: Medullary thyroid carcinoma

    Papillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases. It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20¨C55 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid cancer who have had previous radiation to the head and neck. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize.

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Wiki: Papillary thyroid cancer

    Papillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma,[1] PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer,[2] representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases.[1] It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20¨C55 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid cancer who have had previous radiation to the head and neck.[3] It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize.

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Wiki: Papillary thyroid carcinoma

    Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cancer resulting in parathyroid adenoma to carcinoma progression. It forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroid glands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps the body maintain normal levels of serum calcium by promoting calcium reabsorption from bone. It is antagonized by the hormone calcitonin, which prompts calcium storage.). It is rare, with documented cases of less than one thousand since its first discovery in 1904; and much less common than parathyroid adenoma. It can be difficult to excise. The rate of occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma is between 0.5% to 5%

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Wiki: Parathyroid carcinoma

    Primary hyperparathyroidism (or PHPT) is a medical condition where the parathyroid gland (or a benign tumor within it) produce excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The symptoms of the condition relate to the resulting elevated serum calcium (hypercalcemia), which can cause digestive symptoms, kidney stones, psychiatric abnormalities, and bone disease. The diagnosis is initially made on blood tests; an elevated level of calcium together with a raised (or inappropriately high) level of parathyroid hormone are typically found. To identify the source of the excessive hormone secretion, medical imaging may be performed. Parathyroidectomy, the surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands, may be required to control symptoms.

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Wiki: Primary hyperparathyroidism

    Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the medical condition of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels), with resultant hyperplasia of these glands. This disorder is primarily seen in patients with chronic kidney failure. It is sometimes abbreviated "SHPT" in medical literature.

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Wiki: Secondary hyperparathyroidism

    Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin.[1] Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers and together make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases.[2] MTC was first characterized in 1959.[3]

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Wiki: Thyroid adenocarcinoma

    An endocrine gland cancer located in the thyroid gland located in the neck below the thyroid cartilage.

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DiseaseOntology: Thyroid cancer

    Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops from the tissues of the thyroid gland. It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body.Symptoms can include swelling or a lump in the neck.Cancer can also occur in the thyroid after spread from other locations, in which case it is not classified as thyroid cancer.

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Wiki: Thyroid cancer/carcinoma

    Papillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases. It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20¨C55 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid cancer who have had previous radiation to the head and neck. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize.

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Wiki: Thyroid carcinoma

    Approximately 10% of patients with congenital hypothyroidism harbor inborn errors of metabolism in one of the steps for thyroid hormone synthesis in thyrocytes (Vono-Toniolo et al., 2005). Dyshormonogenesis can be caused by recessive defects at any of the steps required for normal thyroid hormone synthesis. In untreated patients thyroid dyshormonogenesis is typically associated with goitrous enlargement of the thyroid secondary to long-term thyrotropin (TSH; see 188540) stimulation.

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OMIM: Thyroid dyshormonogenesis

    Papillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma,[1] PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer,[2] representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases.[1] It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20¨C55 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid cancer who have had previous radiation to the head and neck.[3] It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize.

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Wiki: Thyroid papillary carcinomas